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' UNrrEDST-ATES PATENT Ottica.

PAUL DVORKOVITZ, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR DlSTlLLING LIQUID HYDROCARBONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 546,697, datedSeptember 24, 1895. Applioation filed November 24, 1891. Serial No.412,945. (No model.)V Patented in England August 1, 1891, No. 13,089.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL DvoRKovrrZ, 'a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain, residing at London, in the county of Middlesex, England, haveinvented a new or Improved Apparatus for Distilling Liquid Hydrocarbons,of which the following is such a full, clear, and exact description aswill enable any one skilled in the art to which it appertains to makeand use the same, and for which Ihave obtained Letters Patent in GreatBritain, No. 13,089, dated August 1, 1891.

This invention relates to apparatus for distilling liquid hydrocarbons,the main point of novelty lying in the employment of a double set ofoil-superheaters, a double set of retorts, and a double set ofcondensers, together with a steam-superheater and a device or devicesfor intimately mixing the oil (and or oil-vapers) and steam in the saidretorts, all acting as hereinafter to be described and for the purposespecified.

In carrying the invention into effect crude petroleum or other liquidhydrocarbon is passed from a tank or other source of material to anoil-superheater of any convenient construction, in which the oil isheated to a high temperature. From this superheater (hereinafter for thepurpose of distinction termed ,the oil-superheater the heated oil ispassed to a retort and delivered into the said retort (hereinaftertermed the oilretort) preferably by means of a perforated pipe. Here theoil is met by superheated steam passing, say, from perforations in apipe or pipes connected W-ith a suitable steam-superheater, thetemperature of the said steam being higher than that of the oil which itencounters. The oil is now split into two portions, one consisting ofoilvapor and the other of the tar and or other precipitated matters. Themixed oil-vapors and steam now pass through a dome or pipe of largesectional area and are carried to a condenser, called the rst condenser,where the usual treatment may be adopted.

The precipitated matter in the oil-retort, hereinafter called the lighttar, is now passed to a second oil-superheater, either direct or througha condenser and or receivingtank, and thence to a retort, termed thetarretort, in which it encounters superheated steam, as before, whichwill carry the vaporized part of the oil (light tar) with it to a secondcondenser, as was the vaporized part in the oil-retort. The precipitatedmatter in the tar-retort is collected or removed in any convenientmanner. The perforated oil and steam pipes referred to constitute aconvenient device for intimately mixing the steam and the oil and oroil-vapors in the retorts, which latter are heated to aid in preventingcondensation of the said vapors from taking place.

Having described this invention in general terms so as to define itsscope, it will now be described in detail, and for that purposereference will be madeto the figures in the accompanying drawings, whichillustrate one form of apparatus, the said form being one which has beenfound to give good results in practicing the new or improved method withoils of a specific gravity of, say, 900D to 960, as compared withdistilled water taken as 1000".

In the said drawings, Figure l is a plan of the apparatus; Fig. 2, aside View of the oil superheater and retort, and Fig. 3 a crosssectionof the said retort.

A is the reservoir of material, say crude petroleum oil. In thisreservoir is a coil of pipe X, through which passes the hot tar from theoil-retort, so that the contents of A are heated to a certain extentbefore leaving the reservoir, thus effecting a saving of energy.

a isa pipe for conducting the crude oil from A to the pump a', whencethe oil passes by the pipe a2 to the oil-superheater B. This superheatermay be of any convenient known type, and it heats the oil to a hightemperature, say about 600 or 7 00 Fahrenheit. From the oil-superheaterB the oil passes by the pipe b to the perforated pipe b in theoil-retort 0,'

(the temperature in which is, say, 7 00 Fahrenheit,) where, on issuingfrom the perforations, it meets the superheated steam, as hereindescribed.

D is a boiler or steam-generator, serving to produce steam and supplythe same through the pipe d to the steam-superheater E. From E thesuperheated steam issues by the pipe e, bifurcating into the two pipes eand e2, of

which c leads to the oil-retort O, in which it' divides into threeperforated pipes e3 e4 e5. From the perforations in these pipes thesteam ICO issues to meet the oil or oil-vapors issuing from theperforations in the pipe b', the steam being at a higher temperaturethan the oil or oil-vapor and splitting it into the two partshereinbefore referred to. Of these two parts the precipitated matter,herein termed the ighttar, passes to the bottom of the retort C, and theoil-vapors are carried by the steam quickly and without condensation tothe first condenser F through conductors of large sectional area, inthis case through the short domes c c and pipes c2 c3. In F the vaporsare condensed and treated or collected in any of the usual known ways.The light tar which collects at the bottom of the oil-retort C isconducted by the pipe c4 through the coil X (where it is partiallycooled by transference of a part of its heat to the crude oil in A) tothe tar-reservoir G. From G the light tar is conducted through the pipeg and pump g to the tar-superheater II. From II the superheated tar, nowraised to a temperature of, say, 700 or 800 Fahrenheit, passes by pipe7L to a perforated pipe 7L in the tar-retort J, (the temperature inwhich is, say, 800 Fahrenheit,) the said pipe 7L corresponding with thepipe b in the oil-retort C. On issuing from the perforations of the saidpipe it encounters steam passing from E by e e2 and perforated pipes eGe7 es, corresponding with the perforated steam-pipes e3 e4 e5 in theoilretort C. In the said tar-retort the steam acts upon the light tar inthe same way as it did upon the oil in the oil-retort, splitting it intotwo parts. The oil-vapors are carried by the steam from the tar-retortthrough the short domes j and j and pipes 7'2 and ja to the secondcondenser K, where they are condensed and collected and treated in anyof the usual known ways. The precipitated matter, herein called theheavy tar, is run oi from J to the heavy-tar receptacle L by the pipejt.Cocks are inserted in the pipes e4 and jt at or close to the points atwhich they issue from their respective retorts.

In the cases where oils of a lower specific gravity than those justmentioned are dealt with a lower temperature is employed throughout, andgenerally it is necessary to employ temperatures of a higher or a lowerdegree, according as the oils are heavier or lighter. Thus if crudepetroleum of, say, 850 to 900 specific gravity is dealt with the oil inthe oil-superheater is heated to, say, 400 Fahrenheit, the steam in thesteam-superheater to, say, 500 Fahrenheit, and the light tar in thetar-superheater to, say, 450 Fahrenheit. In

such a case a temperature of, say, 550 is maintained in the oil-retortand of, say, 550 in the tar-retort.

It will be noticed from Fig. l that the steamsuperheater is placedbetween the oil and the light-tar superheaters. The object of this is inheating the three superheaters by one furnace to obtain the steam of ahigher temperature than the oil and light tar, the steamsuperheaterbeing over the hottest part of the furnace and the tar-superheater at apart hotter than the part at which the oilsuperheater is.

Vhen it is desired to obtain fractional distillations, so as to gradethe products, any of the usual known devices for obtaining such gradingare used in the place of the short domes, as shown in the figures.

Having fully described my invention,what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters latent, is-

1. Apparatus for the double distillation of liquid hydrocarbonconsisting of a furnace, three superheaters located side by side withinsaid furnace, a steam generator connected with the intermediatesuperheater, a crudehydrocarbon reservoir and a tar reservoir connectedrespectively with the other superheaters, two retorts, provided withmeans for heating them, a spray pipe leading from thc intermediatesuperheater into both retorts, a spray pipe leading from each of theother superheaters to its corresponding retort, and a separate condenserfor each retort; substantially as described.

2. Apparatus for the double distillation of liquid hydrocarbonconsisting of a furnace, three superheaters located side by side withinsaid furnace, a steam generator connected with the intermediatesuperheater, a crudehydrocarbon reservoir and a tar reservoir connectedrespectively with the other superheaters, two retorts, a spray pipeleading from the intermediate superheater into both retorts, a spraypipe leading from each of the other superheaters to its correspondingretort, a separate condenser for each retort, a heating coil locatedwithin the crude-hydrocarbon reservoir, and a pipe connecting saidheating coil with the residue-discharge opening of one of the retorts,substantially as described.

PAUL DVORKOVITZ.

Witnesses:

J. G. LORRAIN, HENRY SHoeKLnY.

